![]() Later, she resorted in frustration and anger to hardline policies against them. However, she failed to fully grasp the theological issues that drove their movement. At first, Catherine compromised and made concessions to the rebelling Calvinist Protestants, or Huguenots, as they became known. However, Catherine maintained the monarchy and the state institutions functioning, even at a minimum level. The problems facing the monarchy were complex and daunting. He dispensed with her advice only in the last months of her life and outlived her by seven months.Ĭatherine's three sons reigned in an age of almost constant civil and religious war in France. After Charles died in 1574, Catherine played a key role in the reign of her third son, Henry III. When Francis II died in 1560, she became regent on behalf of her 10-year-old son King Charles IX and was thus granted sweeping powers. Henry's death in 1559 thrust Catherine into the political arena as mother of the frail 15-year-old King Francis II. Henry excluded Catherine from participating in state affairs and instead showered favours on his chief mistress, Diane de Poitiers, who wielded much influence over him. Catherine's marriage was arranged by her uncle Pope Clement VII. ![]() ![]() In 1533, at the age of fourteen, Catherine married Henry, the second son of King Francis I and Queen Claude of France. Ĭatherine was born in Florence to Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, and Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne. The years during which her sons reigned have been called "the age of Catherine de' Medici" since she had extensive, if at times varying, influence in the political life of France. She was Queen of France from 1547 to 1559 by marriage to King Henry II and the mother of French Kings Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III. But now I’m reconsidering.Caterina Maria Romula di Lorenzo de' MediciĬatherine de' Medici ( Italian: Caterina de' Medici, pronounced French: Catherine de Médicis, pronounced 13 April 1519 – 5 January 1589) was an Italian noblewoman born into the Medici family. The community struck me as uninviting and legalistic. And Wikipedia is now working with the Ada Initiative, a project to encourage women in the open-source community - Ada co-founder Mary Gardiner gave the Wikimania keynote before Wales’ Q&A started. The move to a visual editor on Wikipedia may help, too. In an attempt to replicate the success of a more social atmosphere, Stierch has been working on a project called the Teahouse, which is meant to be a collegial, encouraging space for new editors.Īlong those same lines, Wikia, a for-profit community-edited site also co-founded by Wales, has found that friendlier “message walls,” instead of sparse “user talk pages,” are more popular among women. And while women enjoy in-person edit-a-thons like the one at the Smithsonian, Stierch says that afterward, they frequently don’t continue to be active online. ![]() On average, female editors make fewer changes to articles than male editors. After all, as she points out, if you’re notable enough to be in the Smithsonian archives, chances are you’re notable enough for Wikipedia.īut just getting women to sign up as editors isn’t enough. Stierch rallied the troops, and the article remains available. Duncan, a paleontologist and geologist who worked in the mid-20th century. Two of the fruits of their labour were rapidly nominated for deletion - and after the decision was made to leave them both intact, one was nominated again. Wikimedia Foundation community fellow Sarah Stierch told me that a few months ago, she organized an “edit-a-thon” at which women - some Wiki veterans, some newbies - used Smithsonian records to create new articles on under-recognized female historical figures. One guy advocating deletion made a provocative point: “I really see this idea - that keeping this article does something to remedy the gender imbalance here - to be facile at best and insulting at worst.” But even if including the Middleton article is a “facile” way to remedy the gender gap, there are other examples of male bias creeping in. This advertisement has not loaded yet, but your article continues below. Manage Print Subscription / Tax Receipt.
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